Test ID: SAA
Sperm Antibody, Indirect, Serum
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
In males:
-As an alternate specimen type (semen is preferred) when semen cannot be obtained
-As follow-up test when sperm agglutination is noted in the ejaculate
-With a history of testicular trauma, biopsy, vasectomy reversal, genital tract infection, or obstructive lesions of the male ductal system
In females:
-Preferred test for sperm antibodies
-With an abnormal postcoital test
-With unexplained infertility
-With history of genital tract infection or receptive anal or oral intercourse
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Immunobead Technique
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Sperm Antibody Assay
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 2 mL
Collection Instructions: Draw blood from the individual suspected of having sperm antibodies.
Forms: If not ordering electronically, submit a General Request Form (Supply T239) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | NA |
| Lipemia | NA |
| Icterus | NA |
| Other | NA |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum | Frozen (preferred) | |
| Refrigerated | 36 hours | |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Sperm antibodies are associated with some cases of infertility. For fertilization to occur, the sperm head must first attach to the zona pellucida of the egg. Sperm antibodies interfere with this binding. While there is consensus that these antibodies play a role in infertility, the percentage of sperm that must be bound by antibodies before fertility is adversely affected is less clear. In 1 of the more extensive investigations to date, Bronson, et al (1) reported that of couples exhibiting abnormal postcoital tests, 24% of sera from men and 35% of sera from women exhibited sperm antibodies. When sperm were exposed to serum containing head-directed antibodies, "...a nearly complete inhibition of sperm attachment to zona pellucida..." was observed.
Semen and serum may contain sperm antibodies.
-Semen is the preferred specimen type for males.
-Serum is the preferred specimen type in females.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
<50% binding
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Positives are reported as percentage of sperm with:
-Positive bindings
-Class of antibody involved (IgG and IgA)
-Site of binding (head, midpiece, tail, and/or tail tip)
Normal specimens display <50% total binding.
Greater than 50% binding is usually required to significantly lower a patient's fertility.
The significance of percent binding inversely related to patient sperm count.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Sperm antibody testing is not recommended for routine infertility testing.
Preferred testing fluid for males suspected of sperm antibodies is semen. In cases where specimen production may present difficulties, a serum specimen can be tested.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Bronson R, Cooper G, Rosenfeld D: Sperm antibodies: their role in infertility. Fertil Steril 1984;42:171-183
2. Marshburn PB, Kutteh WH: The role of antisperm antibodies in infertility. Fertil Steril 1994;61:799-811
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
This assay has been developed on the principle that the antigen(s) is a sperm surface protein(s). Such antigens may induce production of antibody in the person himself or his female partner. Direct testing for the presence of antibodies on sperm is accomplished by incubating washed sperm with the immunobeads. The presence of sperm antibodies is indicated by the binding of the polyacrylamide beads to motile sperm. The proportion of sperm bound and the sites of binding are determined by counting a minimum of 100 cells. To accomplish the first antigen-antibody reaction for indirect testing, a sperm specimen is obtained from the individual in question and incubated with fluid of choice (seminal plasma or serum). After an incubation period of 1 hour, the second antibody (antihuman IgG, IgA) bound to polyacrylamide beads is incubated with the first antibody-bound sperm. After a second incubation period of 10 minutes, the sperm are observed under a microscope.(Bronson R, Cooper G, Rosenfeld D: Sperm antibodies: their role in infertility. Fertil Steril 1984;42:171-183)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Wednesday; 8:30 a.m.
Send specimen Monday through Friday
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
89325
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| SA_A | Sperm Ab | 31631-5 |
| STDYT | Study Type | N/A |
| H_IGA | Head, IgA | 38674-8 |
| H_IGG | Head, IgG | 38678-9 |
| M_IGA | Midpiece, IgA | 38675-5 |
| M_IGG | Midpiece, IgG | 38679-7 |
| TIGA | Tail, IgA | 38677-1 |
| TIGG | Tail, IgG | 38681-3 |
| TTIGA | Tail Tip, IgA | 38676-3 |
| TTIGG | Tail Tip, IgG | 38680-5 |
| CMT25 | Comment | 48767-8 |
External
link
PDF
document
Excel
document
Word
document