Test ID: SEMA
Semen Analysis with WHO Morphology
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Determining male fertility status
Profile Information A profile is a group of laboratory tests that are ordered and performed together under a single Mayo Test ID. Profile information lists the test performed, inclusive of the test fee, when a profile is ordered and includes reporting names and individual availability.
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| FER | Semen Analysis | Yes | Yes |
| FER2 | WHO Morphology | Yes | Yes |
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Manual
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Infertility Testing
Semen Analysis
Semen Analysis with WHO morphology
Semen Concentration
Semen Count
Semen Motility
Semen Volume
Sperm Analysis
Sperm Count
Sperm Motility
Sperm Volume
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Specimen must arrive within 24 hours of collection. Send specimen Monday through Thursday only and not the day before a holiday. If holiday falls on a Saturday, holiday will be observed on the preceding Friday. Sunday holidays are observed on the following Monday. Specimen should be collected and packaged as close to shipping time as possible. Laboratory does not perform testing on weekends.
Container/Tube: Semen Analysis Kit (Supply T178)
Specimen Volume: Total ejaculate
Collection Instructions: Patient should have 2 to 7 days of sexual abstinence at the time of semen collection for accurate results.
Additional Information: Include the following information: semen volume, viscosity, pH, appearance (color), and number of days of sexual abstinence.
Forms: If not ordering electronically, submit a General Request Form (Supply T239) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | NA |
| Lipemia | NA |
| Icterus | NA |
| Other | NA |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Semen | Ambient | |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Semen is composed of spermatozoa suspended in seminal fluid (plasma). The function of the seminal fluid is to provide nutrition and volume for conveying the spermatozoa to the endocervical mucus.
Male infertility can be affected by a number of causes. Chief among these is a decrease in the number of viable sperm. Other causes include sperm with abnormal morphology and abnormalities of the seminal fluid.
The World Health Organization morphology procedure provides a rapid, subjective estimate of sperm shape and size and reports the presence of WBCs and germinal cells.
Multiple semen analyses are usually conducted over the course of the spermatogenic cycle (approximately 45 days).
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Appearance: normal
Volume: > or =1.5 mL
pH: > or =7.2
Motile/mL: > or =6.0 x 10(6)
Sperm/mL: > or =15.0 x 10(6)
Motility: > or =40%
Morphology: > or =15% normal oval sperm heads
Germ cells: <4 x 10(6)/mL
WBC: <1 x 10(6)/mL
Grade: > or =2.5
Motile/ejaculate: > or =9.0 x 10(6)
Viscosity: > or =3.0
Agglutination: > or =3.0
Supravital: > or =58% live
Fructose: positive
Note: Fructose testing cannot be performed on semen analysis specimens shipped through Mayo Medical Laboratories. If patient is azoospermic, refer to FROS/81164 Fructose, Semen or Seminal Plasma. Submit separate specimen to rule out ejaculatory duct blockage. Positive result indicates no blockage.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Teratospermia, a World Health Organization morphology score of <15% normal oval sperm heads, is associated with impaired fertility. This association is variable and does not rule out normal fertility.
Germinal cells/mL: > or =4 x 10(6) indicate a possible disorder in spermatogenesis.
WBC/mL: > or =1 x 10(6) indicate possible genital tract infection.
See Reference Values.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Patient should have 2 to 7 days of sexual abstinence at the time of semen collection for accurate results.
Results may be unreliable if specimen transportation requirements are not followed.
Semen specimens can vary widely in the same man from specimen to specimen. Semen parameters falling outside of the normal ranges do not preclude fertility for that individual.
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Semen Analysis:
Semen is incubated for up to 1 hour at body temperature (37 degrees C) to allow the sample to liquefy. The sample is then measured for volume and analyzed microscopically to determine the number of sperm present, the number of moving or motile sperm, and the properties of the sperm motility.(The World Health Organization [WHO] Laboratory Manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. Fifth edition. Cambridge University Press, 2010)
WHO Morphology:
In addition, a drop of semen is spread on a microscope slide. The slide is then processed with stains that give different colors to different parts of the sperm. Using high-power microscopy, the shape and size of at least 100 sperm are compared to a "normal" reference sperm. The semen parameters measured in the WHO morphology include normal oval, head abnormalities, and the presence of other cellular elements.(The World Health Organization [WHO] Laboratory Manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. Third edition. Cambridge University Press, 1992)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Friday; 3 p.m.
Send specimen Monday through Thursday only and not the day before a holiday.
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
89310-Motility and count
89398-Unlisted reproductive medicine laboratory procedure
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| ABSTN | Abstinence | 10587-4 |
| OVAL3 | WHO Morph NL | In Process |
| OTH3 | Other | N/A |
| CLST1 | Collection Site | N/A |
| TY | Study Type | N/A |
| GERM2 | Germ Cells/mL | In Process |
| WBC5 | WBC/mL | 10579-1 |
| CNTN | Container Type | N/A |
| APP3 | Appearance | 13359-5 |
| CMT24 | Comment | 48767-8 |
| VL53 | Semen Volume | 3160-9 |
| PH1 | pH | 2752-4 |
| MOTML | Motile/mL | 42531-4 |
| SPML | Sperm/mL | 9780-8 |
| MOTY | Motility | 6800-7 |
| GR2 | Grade | N/A |
| MOTEJ | Motile/Ejaculate | In Process |
| VISC | Viscosity | 32789-0 |
| AGGLU | Agglutination | 33217-1 |
| STAIN | Supravital Stain | In Process |
| FRCT | Fructose | 13943-6 |
| CMT45 | Comment | 48767-8 |
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