Test ID: DGLDN
Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibodies Evaluation, IgG and IgA, Serum
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Evaluating patients suspected of having celiac disease; this includes patients with symptoms compatible with celiac disease, patients with atypical symptoms, and individuals at increased risk of celiac disease
Evaluating the response to treatment with a gluten-free diet
Profile Information A profile is a group of laboratory tests that are ordered and performed together under a single Mayo Test ID. Profile information lists the test performed, inclusive of the test fee, when a profile is ordered and includes reporting names and individual availability.
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| DAGL | Gliadin(Deamidated) Ab, IgA, S | Yes | Yes |
| DGGL | Gliadin(Deamidated) Ab, IgG, S | Yes | Yes |
Testing Algorithm Delineates situation(s) when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
The following algorithms are available in Special Instructions:
-Celiac Disease Comprehensive Cascade
-Celiac Disease Comprehensive Cascade for Patients on a Gluten-Free Diet
-Celiac Disease Diagnostic Testing Algorithm
-Celiac Disease Routine Treatment Monitoring Algorithm
-Celiac Disease Serology Cascade
Special Instructions and Forms Describes specimen collection and preparation information, test algorithms, and other information pertinent to test. Also includes pertinent information and consent forms to be used when requesting a particular test
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Coeliac Disease
Gliadin Antibodies IgG and IgA
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL
Forms: If not ordering electronically, submit a General Request Form (Supply T239) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Lipemia | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Icterus | Mild OK; Gross OK |
| Other | NA |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 21 days |
| Frozen | 21 days |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy, celiac sprue) results from an immune-mediated inflammatory process that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals following ingestion of wheat, rye, or barley proteins.(1) The inflammation in celiac disease occurs primarily in the mucosa of the small intestine, which leads to villous atrophy.(1) Common clinical manifestations related to gastrointestinal inflammation include abdominal pain, malabsorption, diarrhea, and/or constipation.(2) Clinical symptoms of celiac disease are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Other common manifestations of celiac disease include failure to grow (delayed puberty and short stature), iron deficiency, recurrent fetal loss, osteoporosis, chronic fatigue, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (canker sores), dental enamel hypoplasia, and dermatitis herpetiformis.(3) Patients with celiac disease may also present with neuropsychiatric manifestations including ataxia and peripheral neuropathy, and are at increased risk for development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.(1,2) The disease is also associated with other clinical disorders including thyroiditis, type I diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, and IgA deficiency.(1,3)
Celiac disease tends to occur in families; individuals with family members who have celiac disease are at increased risk of developing the disease. Genetic susceptibility is related to specific HLA markers. More than 97% of individuals with celiac disease in the United States have DQ2 and/or DQ8 HLA markers compared to approximately 40% of the general population.(3)
A definitive diagnosis of celiac disease requires a jejunal biopsy demonstrating villous atrophy.(1-3) Given the invasive nature and cost of the biopsy, serologic tests may be used to identify individuals with a high probability of having celiac disease. Because no single laboratory test can be relied upon completely to establish a diagnosis of celiac disease, those individuals with positive laboratory results should be referred for small intestinal biopsy, thereby decreasing the number of unnecessary invasive procedures. Celiac disease is associated with a variety of autoantibodies, including endomysial (EMA), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and deamidated gliadin antibodies.(4) Although the IgA isotype of these antibodies usually predominates in celiac disease, individuals may also produce IgG isotypes, particularly if the individual is IgA deficient.(2) The most sensitive and specific serologic tests are tTG and deamidated gliadin antibodies.
Testing for IgA and IgG antibodies to unmodified gliadin proteins is no longer recommended because of the low sensitivity and specificity of these tests for celiac disease; however, recent studies have identified specific B-cell epitopes on the gliadin molecule that, when deamidated by the enzyme tTG, have increased sensitivity and specificity for celiac disease.(5,6) The tests for deamidated gliadin antibodies, IgA and IgG, replace the older gliadin antibody tests, which have been discontinued at Mayo Clinic. The sensitivity and specificity of DGLDN/89031 Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibodies Evaluation, IgG and IgA, Serum for untreated, biopsy-proven celiac disease were comparable to test TSTGP/83671 Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) Antibodies, IgA and IgG Profile, Serum in a study conducted at Mayo Clinic.(5)
The treatment for celiac disease is maintenance of a gluten-free diet.(1-3) In most patients who adhere to this diet, levels of associated autoantibodies decline and villous atrophy improves. This is typically accompanied by an improvement in clinical symptoms. For evaluation purposes, all serologic tests ordered for the diagnosis of celiac disease should be performed while the patient is on a gluten-containing diet. Once a patient has initiated the gluten-free diet, serologic testing may be repeated to assess the response to treatment. In some patients, it may take up to 1 year for antibody titers to normalize. Persistently elevated results suggest poor adherence to the gluten-free diet or the possibility of refractory celiac disease.(1)
See Celiac Disease Diagnostic Testing Algorithm in Special Instructions for the recommended approach to a patient suspected of celiac disease.
An algorithm is available for monitoring the patient's response to treatment, see Celiac Disease Routine Treatment Monitoring Algorithm in Special Instructions.
For your convenience, we recommend utilizing cascade testing for celiac disease. Cascade testing ensures that testing proceeds in an algorithmic fashion. The following cascades are available; select the appropriate one for your specific patient situation. Algorithms for the cascade tests are available in Special Instructions.
-CDCOM/89201 Celiac Disease Comprehensive Cascade: complete testing including HLA DQ
-CDSP/89199 Celiac Disease Serology Cascade: complete testing excluding HLA DQ
-CDGF/89200 Celiac Disease Comprehensive Cascade for Patients on a Gluten-Free Diet: for patients already adhering to a gluten-free diet
To order individual tests, see Celiac Disease Diagnostic Testing Algorithm in Special Instructions.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Negative: <20.0 U
Weak positive: 20.0-30.0 U
Positive: >30.0 U
Reference values apply to all ages.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Positive test results for deamidated gliadin antibodies, IgA or IgG, are consistent with the diagnosis of celiac disease.
Negative results indicate a decreased likelihood of celiac disease.
Decreased levels of deamidated gliadin antibodies, IgA or IgG, following treatment with a gluten-free diet are consistent with adherence to the diet. Persistence of high levels of antibodies following dietary treatment suggest poor adherence to the diet or the presence of refractory disease.
See Celiac Disease Diagnostic Testing Algorithm in Special Instructions for the recommended approach to a patient suspected of celiac disease.
An algorithm is available for monitoring the patient's response to treatment, see Celiac Disease Routine Treatment Monitoring Algorithm in Special Instructions.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Measurements of deamidated gliadin antibodies should not be relied upon exclusively to establish or rule out the diagnosis of celiac disease.
This test should not be ordered as a replacement for TSTGP/83671 Tissue Transglutaminase (Ttg) Antibodies, IgA and IgG Profile, Serum.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Green PH, Cellier C: Celiac disease. New Engl J Med 2007;357:1731-1743
2. Green PH, Jabri B: Celiac disease. Annu Rev Med 2006;57:207-221
3. Harrison MS, Wehbi M, Obideen K: Celiac disease: More common than you think. Cleve Clin J Med 2007;74:209-215
4. Dale JC, Homburger HA, Masoner DE, et al: Update on celiac disease: New standards and new tests. Mayo Communique 2008;33(6):1-9
5. Rashtak S, Ettore MW, Homburger HA, et al: Comparative usefulness of deamidated gliadin antibody measurements in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008 Apr;6(4):426-432
6. Sugai E, Vazquez H, Nachman F, et al: Accuracy of testing for antibodies to synthetic gliadin-related peptides in celiac disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1112-1117
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
IgA and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides are detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by binding to purified peptides adsorbed to the wells of a microtiter plate. Peptides are bound to the wells under conditions that preserve the antigens in their native states. Prediluted controls and diluted patient sera are added to separate wells allowing antibodies to bind to the deamidated gliadin peptides. Unbound sample constituents are washed away and horseradish peroxidase-labeled antihuman IgA or IgG antibody conjugate is added to each well. After a second incubation, unbound enzyme-labeled conjugate is washed away and bound conjugate is detected by adding tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) chromogenic substrate. After a final incubation, colored product is measured spectrophotometrically and the absorbance compared to the low, positive calibrator. The intensity of color is directly proportional to the level of IgA or IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides expressed in arbitrary units.(Package insert: QUANTA Lite Gliadin IgA II and IgG II, INOVA Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Saturday; 4 p.m.
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
83516 x 2
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| DAGL | Gliadin(Deamidated) Ab, IgA, S | 20495-8 |
| DGGL | Gliadin(Deamidated) Ab, IgG, S | 63459-2 |
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