Test ID: VORI
Voriconazole, Serum
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Monitoring trough levels of voriconazole is suggested in individuals with reduced liver function, individuals with CYP2C19 polymorphisms associated with poor metabolic function, patients taking other medications that affect CYP2C19 activity, and in patients experiencing potential toxicity.
Monitoring trough levels may be reasonable in patients who are not responding optimally or have drug interactions that may decrease voriconazole levels, or to ensure adequate oral absorption.
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Collection Container/Tube: Red top
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 2 mL
Collection Instructions: Spin down within 2 hours of draw.
Forms: If not ordering electronically, submit a General Request Form (Supply T239) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Lipemia | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Icterus | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Other | NA |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum Red | Frozen (preferred) | 14 days |
| Ambient | 7 days | |
| Refrigerated | 7 days |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Voriconazole (Vfend) is an antifungal agent approved for treatment of invasive aspergillosis and candidemia/candidiasis, as well as for salvage therapy for infections in patients refractory to or intolerant of other antifungal therapy. The drug inhibits the fungal enzyme 14a-sterol demethylase, a critical step in ergosterol biosynthesis.
Voriconazole is metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP2C19; CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 play limited roles. The primary metabolite is voriconazole N-oxide, which has no antifungal activity. Drug clearance is primarily dependent on hepatic metabolism. The pharmacokinetics of voriconazole is highly variable and nonlinear, which results in an increased dose leading to a greater than proportional increase in serum concentration.
The bioavailability of oral voriconazole is >95%. Approximately 60% of the drug in serum is protein bound. Voriconazole has a volume of distribution of 4.6 L/kg. Most (80%) of the drug is excreted in the urine, exclusively as metabolites.
Adverse effects of voriconazole include visual disturbances, skin rashes, and elevated liver enzyme levels.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
1.0-5.5 mcg/mL
Trough level (ie, immediately before next dose) monitoring is recommended.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Trough levels >6 mcg/mL (and especially >10 mcg/mL) have been associated with toxicity in several reports.
Trough levels <1 mcg/mL have been associated with suboptimal response in several reports.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Voriconazole metabolism may be altered by coadministration of drugs that metabolically induce or inhibit CYP2C19 or by genetic polymorphisms that affect enzyme activity.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Andes D, Pascual A, Marchetti O: Antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: established and emerging indications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53(1):24-34
2. Hope WW, Billaud EM, Lestner J, Denning DW: Therapeutic drug monitoring for triazoles. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2008;21:580-586
3. Donnelly JP, De Pauw BE: Voriconazole-a new therapeutic agent with an extended spectrum of antifungal activity. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10:107-117
4. Physicians' Desk Reference, (PDR) 60th edition. Medical Economics Company, Montvale, NJ, 2006 update to 2008
5. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by LL Brunton, 11th edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2006
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Samples are diluted accordingly with internal standard containing diluents and introduced into the high-turbulence liquid chromatography system for inline extraction. The extract is automatically transferred for analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Friday; 11 a.m.
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
80299
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| 88698 | Voriconazole, S | 38370-3 |
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