Test ID: FUCT
Alpha-Fucosidase, Fibroblasts
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosis of fucosidosis
Genetics Test Information Provides information that may help with selection of the correct test or proper submission of the test request
Not recommended for carrier detection.
Additional Tests Lists test(s) that are always performed, at an additional charge, with the initial test(s)
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| FIBR | Fibroblast Culture | Yes | Yes |
| CRYOB | Cryopreserve for Biochem Studies | No | Yes |
Testing Algorithm Delineates situation(s) when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, a fibroblast culture and cryopreservation for biochemical studies will always be performed at an additional charge. However, for multiple lysosomal enzyme assays on a patient utilizing fibroblast culture, only 1 culture is required regardless of the number of enzyme assays ordered. If viable cells are not obtained within 10 days, client will be notified.
Special Instructions and Forms Describes specimen collection and preparation information, test algorithms, and other information pertinent to test. Also includes pertinent information and consent forms to be used when requesting a particular test
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
FUCT/8815: Fluorometric Enzyme Assay
CRYOB/88832: Fibroblast Subculture Followed by Cryopreservation and Storage
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Fucosidase
Fucosidase, Alpha
Fucosidosis
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
This test is not recommended for prenatal testing.
Forms:
1. 1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Please document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. An Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (Supply T576) is available in Special Instructions.
2. 2. If not ordering electronically, submit a Biochemical Genetics Request Form (Supply T439) with the specimen.
Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Specimen Type: Cultured fibroblasts
Container/Tube: T-75 or T-25 flask
Specimen Volume: 1 full T-75 flask or 2 full T-25 flasks
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated <24 hours
Specimen Type: Skin biopsy
Container/Tube: Sterile container with any standard cell culture media (eg, minimal essential media, RPMI 1640). The solution should be supplemented with 1% penicillin and streptomycin. Tubes can be supplied upon request (Eagle's minimum essential medium with 1% penicillin and streptomycin [Supply T115]).
Specimen Volume: 4-mm punch
Specimen Stability Information: Refrigerated (preferred)/Ambient
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | NA |
| Lipemia | NA |
| Icterus | NA |
| Other | Specimen in formalin or fixative preservative |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Tissue | Varies | |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by reduced or absent alpha-L-fucosidase enzyme activity. This enzyme is involved in degrading asparagine-linked, fucose-containing complex molecules (oligosaccharides, glycoasparagines) present in cells. Reduced or absent activity of this enzyme results in the abnormal accumulation of these undigested molecules in the tissues and body fluids. Although the disorder is pan ethnic, the majority of reported patients with fucosidosis have been from Italy and southwestern United States. To date, fewer than 80 patients have been reported in the literature.
Severe and mild subgroups of fucosidosis, designated types I and II, have been described, although recent data suggests individual patients may represent a continuum within a wide spectrum of severity. The more severe type is characterized by infantile onset, rapid psychomotor regression, and severe neurologic deterioration. Additionally, dysostosis multiplex and elevated sweat sodium chloride are frequent findings. Death typically occurs within the first decade of life. Those with the milder phenotype express comparatively mild psychomotor and neurologic regression, radiologic signs of dysostosis multiplex, and skin lesions (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum). Normal sweat salinity, the presence of the skin lesions, and survival into adulthood most readily distinguish milder from more severe phenotypes.
A diagnostic workup includes urine thin-layer chromatography (OLIGO/84340 Oligosaccharide Screen, Urine), which may reveal the characteristic banding pattern associated with fucosidosis. In addition, enzyme assay of alpha-L-fucosidosis can confirm the diagnosis. Enzyme analysis should be pursued in cases with strong clinical suspicion regardless of the urine screening result. Sequencing of the FUCA1 gene allows for detection of disease-causing mutations in affected patients and identification of familial mutations allows for testing of at-risk family members.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
1.30-3.60 U/g of cellular protein
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Low alpha-fucosidase suggests fucosidosis when accompanied with clinical findings. Some patients exhibit measurable activity minimally below the normal range. These patients are not likely to have fucosidosis.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Low alpha-fucosidase variants in serum have been shown in the absence of fucosidosis. Though this has been associated with ovarian cancer, it is not a consistent finding and makes serum testing for fucosidosis unreliable.
The current laboratory procedure is to be used for disease testing only. Because normal individuals may exhibit rather low levels of alpha-fucosidase activity, carrier status detection by this method is not possible.
Interfering factors include lack of viable cells, bacterial contamination, failure to transport tissue in an appropriate media, excessive transport time, and exposure of the specimen to temperature extremes (freezing or >30 degrees C).
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Cowan TM, Yu C: Laboratory investigations of inborn errors of metabolism. In Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Edited by K Sarafoglou, GF Hoffmann, KS Roth, New York, McGraw-Hill Medical Division, 2009, pp 867-868
2. Enns GM, Steiner RD, Cowan TM: Lysosomal disorders. In Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Edited by K Sarafoglou, GF Hoffmann, KS Roth, New York, McGraw-Hill Medical Division, 2009, pp 747-748
3. Thomas GH: Disorders of glycoprotein degradation: alpha-mannosidosis, beta-mannosidosis, fucosidosis, and sialidosis. In Scriver's The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease (OMMBID). Edited by AL Beaudet, B Vogelstein, D Valle, et al, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Available from URL: http://www.ommbid.com/OMMBID/a/c.html/lysosomal_disorders/disorders_glycoprotein_degradation_mannosidosis_mannosidosis_fucosidosis_sialidosis/abstract
4. Barlow JJ, DiCioccio RA, Dillard PH, et al: Frequency of an allele for low activity of alpha-L-fucosidase in sera: possible increase in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981 Nov;67(5):1005-1009
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Incubation of 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside with cell homogenates results in cleavage of the substrate by alpha-L-fucosidase yielding 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and fucose. Free 4-MU can be quantitated by measurement of the fluorescence. The preferred specimen is cultured skin fibroblasts obtained by growing cells from a skin biopsy. (Galjaard H: Diagnosis of mucolipidoses. In Genetic Metabolic Diseases: Early Diagnosis and Prenatal Analysis. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1980, pp 132-165)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Varies
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
82657-Alpha-fucosidase
88233-Fibroblast culture
88240-Cryopreservation for biochemical studies
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| 29750 | Specimen | 31208-2 |
| 29751 | Specimen ID | N/A |
| 29752 | Source | N/A |
| 29753 | Order Date | N/A |
| 29754 | Reason For Referral | 42349-1 |
| 29755 | Method | In Process |
| 29885 | Alpha-Fucosidase, Fibroblasts | 24046-5 |
| 29756 | Interpretation | 59462-2 |
| 29757 | Amendment | In Process |
| 29758 | Reviewed By | N/A |
| 29759 | Release Date | N/A |
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