Test ID: PARV
Parvovirus B19 Antibodies, IgG and IgM, Serum
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing recent parvovirus infection (IgM)
Assessing past infection (eg, screening pregnant women) and immunity to parvovirus infection (IgG)
Profile Information A profile is a group of laboratory tests that are ordered and performed together under a single Mayo Test ID. Profile information lists the test performed, inclusive of the test fee, when a profile is ordered and includes reporting names and individual availability.
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| PAIG | Parvovirus B19 Ab, IgG, S | No | Yes |
| PAIM | Parvovirus B19 Ab, IgM, S | No | Yes |
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
B19 Antibodies
Erythrovirus B19
Fifth Disease-Parvovirus
Human Parvovirus B19 Antibodies
Parvovirus-Fifth Disease
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL
Forms: If not ordering electronically, submit a General Request Form (Supply T239) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Lipemia | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Icterus | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Other | NA |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 14 days |
| Frozen | 14 days | |
| Ambient | 7 days |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of fifth disease (erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek syndrome), which usually produces a mild illness characterized by an intensive erythematous maculopapular facial rash. Most outbreaks of parvovirus infection are acquired by direct contact with respiratory secretions and occur in the spring of the year. Close contact between individuals is responsible for infection in schools, daycare centers, and hospitals. The virus has also been associated with fetal damage (hydrops fetalis), aplastic crisis, and arthralgia.(2-4) Infection during pregnancy risks transmission to the fetus, which may cause intrauterine death. The rate of fetal death following maternal infection ranges between 1% and 9%.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
IgG: <0.9
IgM: <0.9
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Specimens with an index of <0.9 are considered negative.
Specimens with an index of >1.1 are considered positive.
Specimens with an index between 0.9 and 1.1, inclusive, are considered equivocal.
| Parvovirus B19 IgM | Parvovirus B19 IgG | Interpretation |
| Negative | Negative | Implies no past infection/patient may be susceptible to B19V infection |
| Negative | Positive | Implies past exposure/infection-minimal risk of B19V infection |
| Equivocal | Positive or negative | May indicate current or recent B19V infection-retest in 1 to 2 weeks |
| Positive | Positive | Implies current or recent B19V infection |
| Positive | Negative or equivocal | May indicate current B19V infection-retest in 1 to 2 weeks |
The presence of IgM class antibodies indicates recent infection. The presence of IgG antibodies only is indicative of past exposure.
Both IgG and IgM may be present at or soon after onset of illness and reach peak titers within 30 days. Because IgG antibody may persist for years, diagnosis of acute infection is made by the detection of IgM antibodies.
The prevalence of parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies increases with age. The age-specific prevalence of antibodies to parvovirus is 2% to 9% of children under 5 years, 15% to 35% in children 5 to 18 years of age, and 30% to 60% in adults (19 years or older).
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Specimens drawn prior to seroconversion may yield negative IgM and IgG antibody results, while specimens drawn after IgM antibody levels have begun to decline may yield negative IgM antibody results. The results of a single assay or a combination of IgM and IgG EIAs should not preclude additional testing, ie, follow-up specimens from the patient 1 to 4 weeks following the initial test.
Test results of specimens from immunocompromised patients may be difficult to interpret.
Testing should not be performed as a screening procedure for the general population.
Specimens containing antinuclear antibodies may produce equivocal or positive test results in the IgM assay.
Epstein-Barr virus-positive specimens may produce positive or equivocal test results in the IgM assay.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Brown KE, Young NS: Parvovirus B19 in human disease. Ann Rev Med 1997;48:59-67
2. Markenson GR, Yancey MK: Parvovirus B19 infections in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 1998;22(4):309-317
3. Summers J, Jones SE, Anderson MJ: Characterization of the genome of the agent of erythrocyte aplasia permits its classification as a human parvovirus. J Gen Virol 1983;64;(Pt 11):2527-2532
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Antibody to parvovirus B19 is detected by a sandwich EIA for the detection of IgG or IgM class antibodies in serum or plasma (Biotrin, Dublin, Ireland). Specific parvovirus B19 antibodies in specimens bind to antigen-coated microtiter wells. Following a wash step, peroxidase-labeled rabbit antihuman IgG is added that binds to parvovirus antibody. The antigen-antibody complex is detected by the addition of substrate, which turns blue in the presence of the enzyme peroxidase.(Anderson LJ, Tsou R, Parker RA, et al: Detection of antibodies and antigens of human parvovirus B19 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24[4]:522-526)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Saturday; 11 a.m.
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
86747 x 2
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| PAIG | Parvovirus B19 Ab, IgG, S | 7983-0 |
| PAIMS | Parvovirus B19 Ab, IgM, S | 7984-8 |
| INT20 | Interpretation | 59464-8 |
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