Test ID: C1QFX
C1q Complement, Functional, Serum
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosis of C1 deficiency
Investigation of a patient with an absent total complement (CH50) level
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Turbidimetry
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Complement
First Component of Complement
Functional C1
Functional Complement
Hemolytic Complement
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Collection Container/Tube: Red top
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Immediately after drawing the specimen, place the tube on wet ice.
2. Spin down and separate serum from clot.
3. Immediately freeze specimen.
Additional Information: Fasting preferred.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | Mild OK; Gross OK |
| Lipemia | Mild OK; Gross OK |
| Icterus | Mild OK; Gross OK |
| Other | Serum gel tube |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum Red | Frozen | 14 days |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Complement proteins are components of the innate immune system. There are 3 pathways to complement activation: 1) the classic pathway, 2) the alternative (or properdin) pathway, and 3) the lectin activation (or mannan binding protein, [MBP]) pathway. The classic pathway of the complement system is composed of a series of proteins that are activated in response to the presence of immune complexes. The activation process results in the generation of peptides that are chemotactic for neutrophils and that bind to immune complexes and complement receptors. The end result of the complement activation cascade is the formation of the lytic membrane attack complex.
The first component of complement (C1) is composed of 3 subunits designated as C1q, C1r, and C1s. C1q recognizes and binds to immunoglobulin complexed to antigen and initiates the complement cascade. Congenital deficiencies of any of the early complement components (C1-C4) result in an inability to generate the peptides that are necessary to clear immune complexes and to attract neutrophils or generate lytic activity. These patients have increased susceptibility to infections with encapsulated microorganisms. They may also have symptoms that suggest autoimmune disease and complement deficiency may be an etiologic factor in the development of autoimmune disease.
Inherited deficiency of C1 is rare. C1 deficiency is associated with increased incidence of immune complex disease (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], polymyositis, glomerulonephritis, and Henoch-Schonlein purpura), and SLE is the most common manifestation of C1 deficiency. The SLE associated with C1 deficiency is similar to SLE without complement deficiency, but the age of onset is often prior to puberty.
Low C1 levels have also been reported in patients with abnormal immunoglobulin levels (Bruton's and common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and severe combined immunodeficiency), and this is most likely due to increased catabolism.
Complement levels can be detected by antigen assays that quantitate the amount of the protein. For most of the complement proteins a small number of cases have been described in which the protein is present but is non functional. These rare cases require a functional assay to detect the deficiency.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
34-63 U/mL
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Low levels of complement may be due to inherited deficiencies, acquired deficiencies, or due to complement consumption (eg, as a consequence of infectious or autoimmune processes).
The measurement of C1q activity is an indicator of the amount of C1 present. Absent C1q levels in the presence of normal C3 and C4 values are consistent with a C1 deficiency. Low C1q levels in the presence of low C4 but normal C3 may indicate the presence of an acquired inhibitor (autoantibody) to C1 esterase inhibitor.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
The total complement assay (COM/8167 Complement, Total, Serum) should be used as a screen for suspected complement deficiencies before ordering individual complement component assays. A deficiency of an individual component of the complement cascade will result in an undetectable CH50.
Absent (or low) C1q functional levels in the presence of normal C1q antigen levels should be replicated with a new serum specimen to confirm that C1q inactivation did not occur during shipping.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Sonntag J, Brandenburg U, Polzehl D, et al: Complement systems in healthy term newborns: reference values in umbilical cord blood. Pediatr Dev Pathol 1998;1:131-135
2. Prellner K, Sjoholm AG, Truedsson L: Concentrations of C1q, factor B, factor D and properdin in healthy children, and the age-related presence of circulating C1r-C1s complexes. Acta Paediatr Scand 1987;76:939-943
3. Davis ML, Austin C, Messmer BL, et al: IFCC-standardization pediatric reference intervals for 10 serum proteins using the Beckman Array 360 system. Clin Biochem 1996;29(5):489-492
4. Gaither TA, Frank MM: Complement. In Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 17th edition. Edited by JB Henry, Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1984; pp 897-892
5. O'Neil KM: Complement defiency. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2000;19:83-108
6. Frank MM: Complement deficiencies. Pediatr Clin North Am 2000;47(6):1339-1354
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
C1q complement activity is measured by mixing patient serum with a C1q-deficient serum. The lytic activity of the serum mixture is tested against sensitized, labeled liposomes. If lysis occurs, the patient serum must be the source of the C1q. The target liposomes are a commercial reagent (WAKO total complement CH50), and the assay is performed on a Hitachi 911. (Unpublished Mayo information Yamamoto S, Kubotsu K, Masaaki K, et al: Automated homogeneous liposome-based assay system for total complement activity. Clin Chem 1995;41:586-590)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Saturday; Continuous with a 3 p.m. cutoff
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
86161
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| C1QFX | C1Q Complement, Functional, S | In Process |
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