Test ID: IMPR
Imipramine and Desipramine, Serum
NY State Approved 
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Monitoring serum concentration during therapy
Evaluating potential toxicity
The test may also be useful to evaluate patient compliance
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Imipramine + Desipramine, Serum
Norpramin (Desipramine)
Norpramin
TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants)
Tofranil (Imipramine)
Tofranil (Imipramine), Serum
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Container/Tube: Red top
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Draw specimen immediately before next scheduled dose (minimum 12 hours after last dose).
2. Serum must be separated from cells within 2 hours of draw.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Lipemia | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Icterus | Mild OK; Gross reject |
| Other | Serum gel tube |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum Red | Refrigerated (preferred) | 14 days |
| Ambient | 14 days | |
| Frozen | 14 days |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Imipramine and its metabolite desipramine are tricyclic antidepressants used to treat endogenous depression requiring 1 to 3 weeks of treatment before therapeutic effectiveness becomes apparent. Desipramine is used for treatment of endogenous depression when the patient needs a drug with significant stimulatory side effects. These drugs have also been employed in the treatment of enuresis (involuntary urination) in childhood and severe obsessive-compulsive neurosis.
Imipramine
The optimal dosage of imipramine yields trough (just before the next dose) blood levels of imipramine and desipramine combined from 175 to 300 ng/mL. If desipramine is given, no imipramine should be detected and the therapeutic concentration for desipramine alone is 100 to 300 ng/mL.
Toxicity associated with imipramine is characterized by QRS widening leading to ventricular tachycardia and asystole. In some patients, toxicity may manifest at lower concentrations, or at therapeutic concentrations in the early state of therapy. Cardiac toxicity (first-degree heart block) is usually associated with blood concentrations in excess of 300 ng/mL.
Desipramine
Desipramine is the antidepressant of choice in patients where maximal stimulation is indicated.
The therapeutic concentration of desipramine is 100 to 300 ng/mL. About 1 to 3 weeks of treatment are required before therapeutic effectiveness becomes apparent.
The most frequent side effects are those attributable to anticholinergic effects; dry mouth, constipation, dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, blurred vision, and urinary retention. These occur at blood concentrations in excess of 300 ng/mL, although they may occur at therapeutic concentrations in the early stage of therapy. Cardiac toxicity (first-degree heart block) is usually associated with blood concentrations in excess of 300 ng/mL.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
IMIPRAMINE AND DESIPRAMINE
Total therapeutic concentration: 175-300 ng/mL
Total toxic concentration: > or =300 ng/mL
DESIPRAMINE ONLY
Therapeutic concentration: 100-300 ng/mL
Toxic concentration: > or =300 ng/mL
Note: Therapeutic ranges are for specimens drawn at trough (ie, immediately before next scheduled dose). Levels may be elevated in non-trough specimens.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Most individuals display optimal response to imipramine when combined serum levels of imipramine and desipramine are between 175 and 300 ng/mL. Risk of toxicity is increased with levels > or =300 ng/mL.
Most individuals display optimal response to desipramine with serum levels of 100 to 300 ng/mL. Risk of toxicity is increased with desipramine levels > or =300 ng/mL.
Some individuals may respond well outside of these ranges, or may display toxicity within the therapeutic range, thus interpretation should include clinical evaluation.
Therapeutic ranges are based on specimen drawn at trough (ie, immediately before the next dose).
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Imipramine analytical interference: sertraline may cause falsely low results, and clomipramine, thioridazine, chlorpheniramine, propranolol, norfluoxetine, citalopram, or escitalopram may cause false elevations.
Desipramine analytical interferences: sertraline may cause falsely low results.
This test cannot be performed on whole blood. Serum must be separated from cells within 2 hours of draw; if serum is not removed within this time, tricyclic antidepressants levels may be falsely elevated due to drug release from RBCs. Specimens that are obtained from gel tubes are not acceptable.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Wille SM, Cooreman SG, Neels HM, Lambert WE: Relevant issues in the monitoring and the toxicology of antidepressants. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008;45(1):25-89
2. Thanacoody HK, Thomas SH: Antidepressant poisoning. Clin Med 2003;3(2):114-118
3. Baumann P, Hiemke C, Ulrich S, et al: The AGNP-TDM expert group consensus guidelines: therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004;37(6):243-265
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
The tricyclic antidepressants are extracted from serum by liquid-liquid extraction. Analysis is by HPLC.(Unpublished Mayo method)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Saturday; Varies
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
80160-Desipramine
80174-Imipramine
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| 8126 | Imipramine | 3690-5 |
| 2452 | Desipramine | 3531-1 |
| 2453 | Imipramine and Desipramine | 9627-1 |
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