Test ID: 800058
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD), Serum
Secondary ID 
A test code used for billing and in test definitions created prior to November 2011
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Investigation of a variety of diseases involving the heart, liver, muscle, kidney, lung, and blood
Monitoring changes in tumor burden after chemotherapy, although, LD elevations in patients with cancer are too erratic to be of use in the diagnosis of cancer
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Photometric Rate
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
LD (Lactate Dehydrogenase)
LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)
JC/LD
Specimen Type Describes the specimen type needed for testing
Specimen Required Defines the optimal specimen. This field describes the type of specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing. The volume allows automated processing, fastest throughput and, when indicated, repeat or reflex testing.
Container/Tube: Red top or serum gel
Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL
Additional Information: Patient's age is required.
Specimen Minimum Volume Defines the amount of specimen required to perform an assay once, including instrument and container dead space. Submitting the minimum specimen volume makes it impossible to repeat the test or perform confirmatory or perform reflex testing. In some situations, a minimum specimen volume may result in a QNS (quantity not sufficient) result, requiring a second specimen to be collected.
Reject Due To Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Hemolysis | Mild reject; Gross reject |
| Lipemia | NA |
| Icterus | NA |
| Other | NA |
Specimen Stability Information Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the laboratory. Alternate acceptable temperature(s) are also included.
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum | Ambient (preferred) | |
| Refrigerated | 48 hours | |
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity is present in all cells of the body with highest concentrations in heart, liver, muscle, kidney, lung, and erythrocytes. Serum LD is elevated in a number of clinical conditions.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
1-30 days: 135-750 U/L
31 days-11 months: 180-435 U/L
1-3 years: 160-370 U/L
4-6 years: 145-345 U/L
7-9 years: 143-290 U/L
10-12 years: 120-293 U/L
13-15 years: 110-283 U/L
16-17 years: 105-233 U/L
> or =18 years: 122-222 U/L
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Marked elevations in LD activity can be observed in megaloblastic anemia, untreated pernicious anemia, Hodgkin's disease, abdominal and lung cancers, severe shock, and hypoxia.
Moderate to slight increases in LD levels are seen in myocardial infarction (MI), pulmonary infarction, pulmonary embolism, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, infectious mononucleosis, progressive muscular dystrophy (especially in the early and middle stages of the disease), liver disease, and renal disease.
In liver disease, elevations of LD are not as great as the increases in aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Increased levels of the enzyme are found in about 1/3 of patients with renal disease, especially those with tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis. However, these elevations do not correlate well with proteinuria or other parameters of renal disease.
On occasion a raised LD level may be the only evidence to suggest the presence of a hidden pulmonary embolus.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Red blood cells contain much more LD than serum. A hemolyzed specimen is not acceptable. LD activity is 1 of the most sensitive indicators of in vitro hemolysis. Causes can include transportation via pneumatic tube, vigorous mixing, or traumatic venipuncture.
While increases in serum LD also are seen following an MI, the test has been replaced by the determination of troponin.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 2001
Method Description Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Lactate and NAD+, in the presence of LD, are converted to pyruvate and NADH. The rate at which NADH is formed is determined by an increase in absorbance and is directly proportional to enzyme activity. (Package insert: Roche LDH reagent, Indianapolis, IN, November 1999)
Day(s) and Time(s) Test Performed Outlines the days and times the test is performed. This field reflects the day and time the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time required before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means assays are performed several times during the day.
Monday through Saturday
Analytic Time Defines the amount of time it takes the laboratory to setup and perform the test. This is defined in number of days. The shortest interval of time expressed is "same day/1 day," which means the results may be available the same day that the sample is received in the testing laboratory. One day means results are available 1 day after the sample is received in the laboratory.
Maximum Laboratory Time Defines the maximum time from specimen receipt at Mayo Medical Laboratories until the release of the test result
Specimen Retention Time Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location The location of the laboratory that performs the test
Test Classification Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer's instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR), Investigation Use Only (IUO) product, or a Research Use Only (RUO) product.
CPT Code Information Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Medical Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
83615
LOINC® Code Information Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the result codes returned for this test or profile.
| Result ID | Reporting Name | LOINC Code |
|---|---|---|
| 800058 | Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD), S | 2532-0 |
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