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The T- and B-cell surface marker assay uses monoclonal antibodies
to identify the various membrane antigens, and flow cytometry to
enumerate the number of cells expressing these differentiation
antigens. The results are reported as the percent of lymphocytes
that are T-helper (CD3 , CD4 ), T-suppressor (CD3 , CD8 ), natural
killer (CD16 56 , CD3-), and B-lymphocytes (CD19 ), and the absolute
number of each cell type per mL of blood. The assay is a 4-color
no-wash procedure and the absolute counts are calculated from
internal bead standards. In addition, the total lymphocyte count and
the helper-suppressor ratio (T[H]/T[S]) is reported. (Hoffman RA,
Kung PC, Hansen WP, Goedstien G: Simple and rapid measurement
of human T lymphocytes and their subclasses in peripheral blood.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1980:77:4914-4917; U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services: Guidelines for performance of
CD4 T-cell determinations in persons with human immunodeficiency
virus infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46 no. RR-2:pp 1-29)

