Test ID: ANAS
Alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase, Serum
Useful For 
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosis of Sanfilippo syndrome type B (mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIB)
Genetics Test Information Provides information that may help with selection of the correct test or proper submission of the test request
Diagnostic enzyme assay for Sanfilippo syndrome, type B.
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of disorders caused by the deficiency of any of the enzymes involved in the stepwise degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Accumulation of GAGs in lysosomes interferes with normal functioning of cells, tissues, and organs resulting in the clinical features observed in MPS disorders.
Sanfilippo syndrome is an autosomal recessive MPS with 4 recognized types (A-D) caused by different enzyme deficiencies; the clinical presentation of all types, however, is indistinguishable. Sanfilippo syndrome is characterized by severe central nervous system (CNS) degeneration, but other symptoms seen in MPS, such as coarse facial features, tend to be milder. Onset of clinical features usually occurs between 2 and 6 years in a child who previously appeared normal. The presenting symptoms are most commonly developmental delay and severe behavioral problems. Severe neurologic degeneration occurs in most patients by 6 to 10 years of age, accompanied by a rapid deterioration of social and adaptive skills. Death generally occurs by age 20, although individuals with an attenuated phenotype may have a longer life expectancy.
Sanfilippo syndrome type B is due to the absence of the enzyme N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase (alpha-hexosaminidase), caused by mutations in the NAGLU gene. Diagnostic sequencing of the NAGLU gene and deletion/duplication studies are available for patients with an enzyme deficiency.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
0.09-0.58 U/L
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase is diagnostic for Sanfilippo syndrome type B.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This is the preferred test for diagnosing Sanfilippo syndrome type B; however, if fibroblasts are readily available, ANAT/8783, Alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase, Fibroblasts can also be used to diagnose this disorder.
This assay detects Sanfilippo syndrome type B only. The 3 other types of Sanfilippo syndrome (A, C, and D) must be ruled out independently.
This assay will not identify carrier status for Sanfilippo syndrome type B.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Heron B, Mikaeloff Y, Froissart R, et al: Incidence and natural history of mucopolysaccharidosis type III in France and comparison with United Kindgom and Greece. Am J Med Genet A 2011;155A(1):58-68
2. Neufeld EF, Muenzer J: The mucopolysaccharidoses. In The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. Eighth edition. Edited by CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, D Valle, et al. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2001, pp 3421-3452
3. Valstar MJ, Bruggenwirth HT, Olmer R, et al: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB may predominantly present with an attenuated clinical phenotype. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010;33:759-767
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