Test ID: FPCPD
Plasma Cell Proliferative Disorder (PCPD), FISH
Useful For 
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of new cases of multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders
Identifying prognostic markers based on the anomalies found
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic neoplasm that generally originates in the bone marrow and develops from malignant plasma cells. There are 4 main categories of plasma cell proliferative disorders (PCPDs): asymptomatic myeloma, smoldering myeloma, indolent myeloma, and multiple myeloma. Asymptomatic myeloma patients have nonspecific symptoms that may be attributed to other diseases. Generalized bone pain, anemia, numbness or limb weakness, symptoms of hypercalcemia, and recurrent infections are all symptoms that may indicate myeloma. In smoldering myeloma there is a monoclonal protein spike, but it is stable. Indolent myeloma is a slowly progressing myeloma.
As myeloma progresses, the malignant plasma cells interfere with normal blood product formation in the bone marrow resulting in anemia and leukopenia. Myeloma also causes an overstimulation of osteoclasts, causing excessive breakdown of bone tissue without the normal corresponding bone formation. These bone lesions are seen in approximately 66% of myeloma patients. In advanced disease, bone loss may reach a degree where the patient suffers fractures easily.
Reference Values Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
A neoplastic clone is detected when the percent of cells with an abnormality exceeds the normal reference range for any given probe.
Cautions Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This test is not approved by the FDA and is best used as an adjunct to existing clinical and pathologic information.
This test should not be used to track the progression of disease.
Supportive Data
A total of 101 specimens were analyzed using the cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. Of these 81 had reasons for referral of any plasma cell proliferative disorders (PCPD), 20 had reasons for referral not related to PCPD and served as negative controls. The 20 normal value specimens were found to be normal by the cIg method. Of the 81 PCPD specimens, 45 had sufficient plasma cells for analysis (at least 25 plasma cells per hybridization site). Of 45 specimens 44 (98%) specimens were found to be abnormal for the probe sets used. Testing with other methodologies on these 45 specimens identified only 26 specimens (58%) as abnormal by non-cIg FISH analysis and only 10 specimens (22%) as abnormal by conventional chromosome analysis. In addition, 37 specimens were analyzed for chromosomal aneusomy and 24 (65%) were hyperdiploid for at least 1 of the 4 chromosomes tested.
Clinical Reference Provides recommendations for further in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Fonseca R, Blood E, Rue M, et al: Clinical and biologic implications of recurrent genomic aberrations in myeloma. Blood 2003 Jun 1;101(11):4569-4575
2. Fonseca R, Blood EA, Oken MM, et al: Myeloma and the t(11;14)(q13;q32); evidence for a biologically defined unique subset of patients. Blood 2002 May 15;99(10):3735-3741
3. Shaughnessy J, Tian E, Sawyer J, et al: High incidence of chromosome 13 deletion in multiple myeloma detected by multiprobe interphase FISH. Blood 2000 Aug 15;96(4):1505-1511
External
link
PDF
document
Excel
document
Word
document