Kidney Stones
Update in Diagnosis and Management
Laboratory Evaluation
February 2010
The laboratory workup of patients with stones includes a baseline assessment of blood electrolytes and renal function. Low serum bicarbonate can indicate renal tubular acidosis or diarrhea, which can each contribute to stones. Baseline creatinine and potassium are important for drug choice and to monitor after initiation of therapy, especially if thiazides or potassium citrate are under consideration. Looking for hypercalcemia is an important screen for hyperparathyroidism, while hyperuricemia if present might make allopurinol a good treatment choice, especially if the patient also has gout.
Laboratory Evaluation |
Jump to section:
- Introduction
- Kidney Stones
- Why do Kidney Stones Form?
- Genetics and Environment
- Not All Stones are Created Equal: Stone Analysis is Very Helpful
- Laboratory Evaluation
- Supersaturation Index
- Components of the Urinary Supersaturation Profile
- Uses of Urinary Supersaturation
- Common Features Increase Urinary Supersaturation in Patients with Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis
- "Conservative" Dietary Recommendations for Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers
- Causes of Hypercalciuria
- Genetic Hypercalciuria
- Genetic Hypercalciuria: Treatment
- What is Oxalate?
- Hyperoxaluria: What is the Relevant Concentration?
- Oxalate Balance on a Typical Western Diet
- Enteric Hyperoxaluria is Caused by Fat Malabsorption
- Control of Urinary Citrate: Largely Due to Systemic Acid Base Balance
- Treatments for Enteric Hyperoxaluria
- Low Urinary Citrate
- Hyperuricosuria is a Risk Factor for Calcium Oxalate Stones
- Uric Acid is Very Insoluble at Low pH
- Calcium Phosphate is Very Insoluble at High pH!
- Cystine Stones
- Struvite stones
- Questions?
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