The Human Genome Project

Introduction

March 2009

Welcome to Mayo Medical Laboratories' Hot Topics. These presentations provide short discussion of current topics and may be helpful to you in your practice.

Our presenter for this program is Dr. David I. Smith, PhD, from the Division of Experimental Pathology at Mayo Clinic. Dr. Smith will be discussing how the human genome was sequenced and the resulting changes in genomic testing that will advance the detection and treatment of cancer.

Introduction

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Jump to section:

• How Do We Obtain Genetic Information?
• Cell Cross-Section
• Different Cell Types
• What Happens When You Sit Outside in the Sun?
• Melanoma
• DNA is the Altered Target in Cancer Cells
• DNA Structure
• How to Tackle a Problem as Difficult as Cancer?
• Sequencing DNA
• More on DNA Structure
• Replicating a Strand of DNA
• Developing the Deoxy Chain Terminiation Sequence
• Reading a DNA Sequence
• Gel Electrophoresis
• Two DNA Sequences Seen in Gel Electrophoresis
• Overlapping Pieces of DNA
• Requirements to Sequence the Human Genome?
• Advances in Sanger Sequencing
• Sequencing with Fluorescent Dye
• Advances in Fluorescent Sequencing
• Celera Genomics
• Capacity: 96 Capillary Sequencing
• Computers and the Human Genome Project
• Where are We Today?
• What Have We Learned From Genome Sequences?
• What Can We Do With Sequenced Genomes?
• Transcriptional Profiling (TP)
• Different Technologies to Produce Microarrays
• Utilizing Microarrays to Measure Gene Expression
• Hyrbidization to an Affymetrix Array
• Gene Expression Comparison Between Samples
• Gene Expression Map
• Proteomic-Based Strategies
• Example of a Single Gene
• Proteomics
• How Do We Quantify Proteins?
• Differentiate Between Control and Disease State
• Mass Spectrometry
• Electrospray Ionization FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer
• LC-ESI-TOF vs LC-FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry
• What's the Short-term Payoff?
• What's the Long-term Payoff?
• Diagram of Pathways Involved in Steroid Metabolism
• Questions?