Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Principle of Future Combined HIV Antigen-Antibody ELISAs

October 2009

In this slide, I’ve illustrated the chemistry principle of the HIV antigen and antibody combination enzyme immunoassays that are undergoing clinical trials in the United States, but are commercially available in Europe and the rest of the world. You can see in this schematic diagram that both the antigens of HIV-1 and -2, indicated by the blue and purple diamonds, are actually attached in the reaction well and the antibodies for capturing HIV-1 p24 antigen are indicated in blue and those are also attached to the stationary well. So the target that this assay is trying to capture are the p24 antigen represented by the orange diamond and the orange-colored antibodies that are represented as an inverted Y.

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Jump to section:

• Introduction
• HIV Markers During Early Infection
• Assay-Defined HIV Detection Windows and Infection Periods
• Serologic Tests for HIV Infection in US
• Principle of Future Combined HIV Antigen-Antibody ELISAs
• Virology Tests for HIV Infection
• HIV Serologic Screening Algorithm
• HIV Rapid Serology Follow-up Algorithm
• Indeterminate HIV-1 Antibody Western Blot Results
• Rapid HIV Antibody Tests Licensed in US, 2009
• Predictive Value: Single Screening Test
• Rapid HIV Antibody Tests: Clinical Applications
• Follow-Up Testing of Reactive Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Tests Results
• Diagnostic HIV Testing in Infants
• Diagnostic HIV Testing in Infants
• Awareness of Serostatus Among People with HIV and Estimates of Transmission in US
• Reasons for Testing: Late vs. Early Testers
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Adults and Adolescents
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Adults and Adolescents
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Pregnant Women
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Pregnant Women
• Summary
• Questions?
• Disclosure