Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Summary

October 2009

In summary, many HIV serologic and virologic laboratory test methods are available. However, the diagnostic laboratories should choose an approach of initial and supplemental testing that is most suitable for the specific clinical practice population that it serves, the laboratory resources, and patients' affordability. It's also important to remember the HIV infection is transmitted mainly from those who are unaware of their infection and, therefore, all individuals of all ages, especially those sexually active, should be tested at least once in their lifetime and annually for those individuals who are at risk for HIV infection.

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• Introduction
• HIV Markers During Early Infection
• Assay-Defined HIV Detection Windows and Infection Periods
• Serologic Tests for HIV Infection in US
• Principle of Future Combined HIV Antigen-Antibody ELISAs
• Virology Tests for HIV Infection
• HIV Serologic Screening Algorithm
• HIV Rapid Serology Follow-up Algorithm
• Indeterminate HIV-1 Antibody Western Blot Results
• Rapid HIV Antibody Tests Licensed in US, 2009
• Predictive Value: Single Screening Test
• Rapid HIV Antibody Tests: Clinical Applications
• Follow-Up Testing of Reactive Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Tests Results
• Diagnostic HIV Testing in Infants
• Diagnostic HIV Testing in Infants
• Awareness of Serostatus Among People with HIV and Estimates of Transmission in US
• Reasons for Testing: Late vs. Early Testers
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Adults and Adolescents
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Adults and Adolescents
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Pregnant Women
• 2006 US CDC Recommendations: Pregnant Women
• Summary
• Questions?
• Disclosure